آراء سیبویہ فی آھم المسائل النحویۃ : دراسۃ نقدیۃ

Abstract

Sibawayh(148AH/768AD-180AH/796AD) was the pioneer of
Arabic grammar, the competent authority of Arabic grammarians,
the leader of Basra’s grammarians, a renowned personality in the
science of Arabic syntax and one of the scholars of exceptional and
rare language. He has been regarded as the real founder of the
school of Basra’s Grammar. He received knowledge from the
extraordinary and influential teachers who influenced him greatly
in development of Arabic Grammar. Among his famous teachers
Abu Amr Bin al-‘Ala (d. 154AH), al-Akhfash al-Akbar (d.
177AH/793AD), al-Khadrami (d. 205AH), Eisa Bin ‘Umr al-
Saqafi (d.149AH), YunusibnHabib al-Dabbi (d.182AH) and Khalil
Bin Ahmad (d. 1000AD/175AH) are mention-worthy. Similarly, a
large number of disciples acquired knowledge of Arabic from him
and were deeply influenced by him. Among them, al-Akhfash (d.
207AH), Qotrab (d. 206 AH) and others are mention-worthy. His
great contribution to Arabic grammar reached to the peak with
writing his seminal work namely “Al-Kitab” or “KitabSibawayah”
or “Qur’an an-Nahu” that was the first Arabic grammar book ever
written. This book bears the great significance as nobody wrote
such a book before and after. In terms of style, arrangement,
authenticity and firmness, his book is considered unparallel.
Principal rules of Arabic grammar and branches have been
collected in it and all classical and modern scholars accepted them
without any question and objection. This is the mother book of
Arabic grammar and one of the important sources for the
researchers after Sibawayh. However, he had some own special
opinions and independent school about the principal methods and
branches of Arabic grammar that proves his high command and
extraordinary genus on Arabic Syntax. These opinions are
scattered in different books of Arabic grammar and none did write
any book compiling all his opinions. To the great extent, these
opinions play a vital role and influence in the development and
beautification of Arabic grammar. Among these opinions or views,
in use conjunctions in the article is an attempt to explore different
Arabic grammatical opinions with scholarly analysis as well as
critical discussion by mentioning appropriate ones. So that, the
readers of Arabic language would be benefited from this article.]