مفتي محمد عبده: حياته وأفكاره التجديدية

Abstract

Mohammad `Abduh (1849-1905) was a great reformer,
religious scholar, thinker, jurist, journalist, educationalist in
Egypt at 19th Century. His thought has influenced all Muslim
Countries especially in Egypt. Mohammad `Abduh was a real
follower of Jamal-ud-din al-Afghani (1839-1897) , the founder
of Modern pan-Islamic movement. He achieved many
significant positions of Egypt government. At last, in 1899, he
was appointed “The Grand Mufti”. He wrote Tafsir and many
other important books. His popular book “Risalat al-Tawhid” is
the most important statement of his thought. `Abduh’s ideas
were thoughts that met with great enthusiasm also by tenacious
opposition. He was against polygamy and considered that it is
an archaic custom. He believed in a front of Islam that would
liberate men from enslavement, provide equal right for all
human beings, abolish the religious scholars’ monopoly on
explanations and racial discrimination. He brought reform in
social, political and literary aspects in Egypt. In addition, he
made change in education policy at Al-Ajhar University in
Cairo.