The Dhaka University Arabic Journal

Editor's Note

Professor Dr. Zubair Mohammad Ehsanul Hoque — 2022-01-26

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الكلمة العربية: عناصر البناء، المحددات والقيود

امحمد اللحياني — 2022-01-26

This article aims to address some issues of the Word in
Arabic language. The first is to define its concept, which is
characterized by ambiguity in the various fields of
knowledge. The second is the bases on which the Arabic
word is built: the root and the form that constitute a
powerful generative tool for Arabic language. The third
relates to the determinants of the word: steadiness,
composition, transparency and productivity which highlight
the regularity of the morphological pattern of the Arabic
language by making it a language that can expand and keep
pace with the times and make its learning easy. The fourth
relates to the constraints of constructing the Arabic word
either through the synthesis of its phonemes (silences and
constants) or its morphologies. These restrictions (semantic
constraint, semantic constraint, phonological constraint and
locational constraint) play an important role in excluding
what the Arabic system disapproves of phonemic or
morphological combinations.

همزية عمر بن أبي ربيعة (حَدِّثْ حَديْثَ فَتَاةِ حَيّ...إلخ): بين السياق النفسي الاجتماعي والسياق اللغوي

الدكتور محمد أرشد الحسن — 2022-01-26

Understanding context is considered to be a vital key for decoding
any literary texts. Therefore, contextual analysis is of great
importance in all literary studies and, unlike the followers of new
criticism, the researchers, in general, rely on contextual review
while studying, analyzing and evaluating the artistic merit of any
literary text. However, it is observed that the majority researchers
of Arabic literature in the Indian subcontinent only take into their
consideration the social or historical contexts to find a suitable
connection between the themes of the texts they study and their
contextual backgrounds, and neglect, knowingly or unknowingly,
the possible aesthetic coherence between the inner structure of the
texts and its contexts. Hence, I have chosen a poem by the great
poet Umar ibn Abi Rabi’yah (d. 93 A.H.) to study and analyze it to
find any possible coherence between its socio-psychological and
its linguistic context. To do so, I have divided the article into five
sections: introduction, the concept of context, its types and
importance, a study on the external context of the poem
“Hamziyyah”, a study on the internal context of “Hamziyyah” and
finally, findings. In this study, I have followed the social and
rhetorical method and found that, there is an internal link between
the socio-psychological and linguistic context of the selected
poem. And it is hoped that this study would help the students of
Arabic literature at University level in the Indian subcontinent
focus on the contextual and technical studies of the texts both at
the same time.

القراءة التناصية الثقافية في الحكايات الشعبية حكاية "بَجِّي بِي سِينْجِي" أنموذجا

محمد نذير أبوبكر — 2022-01-26

The theory of ‘Intertextuality’ has gone through developmental
stages that can be divided into three: the first stage is “preintertextuality
stage” which is found in ancient criticism
(Jahiliya and Abbssia erra); the second stage is “intertextual
theory” which is found in the studies of Julia Kristeva; and the
last stage is “cultural intertextuality” which is clearly stated in
the studies of Saudi Arabian critic Dr. mujib al-adwani. The
last stage of intertextuality seeks to build a broad literary
studies, and focus on the historical and cultural dimensions of
texts and issues. Therefore, the study of cultural
intertextuality can be applied in folk tales, films, novels, sign
boards, TV programs, etc. This brief research tries to apply the
theory of ‘cultural intertextuality’ in an African folktale of the
Songhai tribe, which is entitled: “bajje bi sindje” (the
exceptional cow).

أدب الأطفال عند الشيخ أبو الحسن الندوي:خصائصه ومنهجه

الدكتور محمد شهيد الإسلام — 2022-01-26

Children's literature is a modern genre of literature. It includes
different styles of prose and poetry in the form of book,
magazine, film, audio tape and games. The development of this
kind of literature in the Arabs began through translation. Rifa’a
al-Tahtawi (1801-1873 CE) was the first who translated a book
into Arabic from English for Arab children. Sayed Abul Hasan
Ali Al-Hasani Al-Nadwi (1914-1999 CE), one of the most
prominent writers, Islamic thinkers and talented reformers in
the second half of the twentieth century, has contribution to the
establishment of an Islamic Literature Association. He made a
remarkable attempt to promote Arabic literature for children
with a view to educating them morally and consolidating the
rules of Islam in their minds and implanting the roots of faith in
their hearts. He expressed his mind in accessible manner that
suits with the nature of children of their ages.

أثر السياسة الديموقراطية في تطور الشعر العربي النيجيري: قصيدة "التغيير" نموذجا

الدكتور أبوبكر آدم مساما — 2022-01-26

Nigeria has been passing through different stages since it first
became a republic in 1963, as there were political parties with
different ideologies. It is beyond reasonable doubt that those
changes in the national policy played a vital role in the
development of the Nigerian Arabic poetry. Based on this, it is the
thrust of this paper to study a poem titled "The Change" written by
a contemporary Nigerian poet Dr. Muhammad Sani Umar Musa.
The study is going to analyse the poem from literary perspective in
order to reveal its stylistic values, reflect the extent of the poet’s
creativity, uncover his role in criticizing the Nigerian policy, and
disclose his sincere effort in enlightening the Nigerians and
rekindling their spirit towards enhancing development, security
and justice. The paper will be of great significance as it discusses
the impact of government policy on the development of the
Nigerian Arabic poetry. The researcher will use the analytical
method in explaining the poem’s colorful art and the richness of its
content. Finally, the researcher will highlight the findings. The
paper will be structured as follows:
- Presentation of the poem "The Change" written by the poet Dr.
Muhammad Sani Umar Musa
- Biography of the Poet
- Criticism of the Nigeria Politics by the poem
- Literary Values in the poem
- Demerits of the Poem
- Conclusion
- References

معاني الزيادة لـصيغة"أَفْعَلَ" في القرآن الكريم: دراسة صرفية دلالية

محمد عبد المنان مياجى — 2022-01-26

This study deals with the meaning of trilateral verbs consisting of the
root and one letter as an affix. This covers the following verbal forms as
af’ala (), fa’ala (!) and faa’ala ("#). But the researcher will discuss
only the meaning of af’ala () in the holy Quran from these verbal
affixes. Besides, this verb af’ala () has different meanings some of
which are used in the holy Quran and some are not. This article sheds
light on the meanings of af’ala (), which are used in the holy Quran.
This is an analytical article mostly following the qualitative research
method. And it is hoped that this study will benefit the holy Quran
readers to understand the Quranic text as well as the students of the
Arabic language, literature and Islamic studies.

ملامح التجديد في فكر الإمام ولي الله الدهلوي

حسين محمد نعيم الحق — 2022-01-26

The study aims to look for the main aspects of reformation in the
thought of Imam Wali Ullah Ahmad bin Abdul Rahim Al-
Dehlawi. It also higlights his personal and objective
characteristics which helped him play a prominent reformist role
in the twelfth century AH. The researcher relies on several
scientific methods, including the inductive and analytical
method, and reaches to the conclusion that Imam Wali Ullah’s
reforming project is an inclusive project, which included Islamic
Creed, Morality, Fiqh and other aspects of Muslim life. His great
efforts enabled him to eliminate suspicions from the mind of
Muslims and reassure them about their religion and Sharia. As a
result, they can stand on a solid ground of faith and righteous
acts. Therefore, they may reclaim the leadership of the humanity
to rehabilitate the earth in the light of Islamic Sharia.

الصفات السردية للشخصيات في القصص القرآني

الخلفي عبد الغني — 2022-01-26

“Qur’anic stories” like any other narratives depend in their
plot on the role of the character. However, they remain the
highest and most sophisticated literary genre due to their
divine miraculous artistic foundations which challenge the
human creative abilities. Among the roles that are
attributed to the character in these stories is the
participation in the events by a set of narrative qualities that
can be classified according to their “circular dynamism”
and “fixed superficiality” and according to the character’s
name and whether it is mentioned or not. These
classifications carried many moral lessons that reflect the
divine intentions and goals within the story.

السيرة الذاتية وأشكالها المتنوعة : نشأتها وتطورها في الأدب العربي

الدكتور محمد ميزان الرحمن — 2022-01-26

Autobiography is an important genre of literature. It is any author’s
life-sketch given by himself. While writing autobiography, a writer
puts down any news and event/s related to his life. This art
includes his birth, his childhood, and his activities and behaviors
with his parents, his family as well as all the people around him. It
also discusses the contemporary social, political and cultural
context in which he lives and is involved. Hence, the
autobiography is very important to know the life of some
prominent people, their personalities and the events with which he
is in/directly related. Given this information, this research has
selected the subject/topic that is based on the evolution and
development of autobiography in the Arabic literature. This
research tries to discover the concept of autobiography with a
description of its distinctive features and the differences between it
and biography. To exemplify these, this research also discusses
some of the autobiographical works and their authors. Thus, it will
help the writers, teachers, readers and researchers get the correct
history of autobiographical works in Arabic Literature.

حركة الترجمة من العربية إلى البنغالية والعكس : تجربة بنغلاديش

الدكتور أبوجمال محمد قطب الإسلام نعماني — 2022-01-26

In this article, the researcher talks about the concept of
linguistic and classical translation and its sections in short.
Then he discusses the origin and development of translation in
various eras. Then he mentions something about the translation
movement from Arabic to Bengali and vice versa and the
current and future conditions of this translation in Bangladesh.
Then he shows the role of governmental, civil and commercial
institutions, organizations, libraries in translating Arabic books
into Bengali and vice versa, and then talks about the areas of
translation to and from Arabic and the impact of Arabic books
translated into Bengali in Bangladeshi society. Then he
mentions the names of those translators who are in and out of
Arabic. Then he mentions the reality of the translation
movement and its future in Bangladesh, the practice of
translation in the future and some observations about
translation in Bangladesh. He finally concludes the article by
mentioning some important recommendations in this regard.

الأزواج الثلاثة في سورة الواقعة وأحوالهم في الدنيا والآخرة

الدكتور محمد تاج الإسلام — 2022-01-26

The present article entitled “The Three Groups in the Surah Al-
Waaqiàh and Their Positions in the Earth and Hereafter”
(
!" # $% ) is a focus on
the main theme and lesson of the surah Al-Waaqi`ah ( ).
As a part of research, we see that, among the surahs of Al-
Qur`an Al-Waaqi`ah is the most significant and educationbased
surah for the human being. This surah aims to reconstruct
the human life for the ever peach in the Hereafter
life. The surah classifies the mankind in three companions
(*+,-+ +, ./0+ 21 +3) according to their position, condition and activities
in this life of Earth. As a result, they will be also rewarded in
three groups after the resurrection and judgment. These three
companions are (a) the forerunners (6 + 789:;<>= ?/), (b) the
companions of the right ( :*+@+A
1B+A
1?
/ C8 <D+ E1 +3) and (c) the companions
of the left ( :*+F
+G1H
+A
1?
/ C8 <D+ E1 +3).
In this short article, we have analyzed the definition, faith and
activities of those three companions (*+,-+ +, ./0+ 21 +3) with their
variations in the life of Earth. Then we have focused their
rewards in the Hereafter. The tertial goal of this paper is to
instruct the mass people towards the companions of
forerunners (6 + 789:;<>= ?/) and the companions of the right ( C8 <D+ E1 +3
:*+@+A
1B+A
1?
/) according to the light of surah Al-Waaqiàh. May
Almighty Allah help us to perform the activities of forerunners
and the companions of the right.

شعر محبوب الخوري الشرتوني: دراسة على ضوء علم المعاني

الدكتور محمد ظهير الإسلام — 2022-01-26

Lebanese poet Mahbub Khuri Al Sharatuni was born in a
village called Shartun (1855 - 1931). He received his primary
education from Al Farir and Karna Shahwan School in his
hometown. Then he graduated from a Science Institute in
Beirut. He started his early career with teaching profession in
many schools. Later on, he served as chief editor in a
newspaper named “Lubnan” published from Ba'bada City. In
1913 he emigrated to the United States and from there he
moved to Mexico and opened his own business. In addition
to business, he got involved in literary practice as well. In
1925 he published a magazine named “Rafiq” by himself. He
became ill while he was in the United States and died shortly
after he had been operated in a hospital. He wrote poems,
essays and stories on many topics such as country, society,
politics and so on. In his poetry, nature, feelings of life,
wisdom, life in exile and Arabism have been sketched
meticulously.
In the following I will try to discuss some of the crucial
factors of semantics that have been reflected in some of his
poems.

مكانة اللغة العربية في العصر الحاضر

الدكتور محمد نصير الدين — 2022-01-26

Arabic language is an important language among other
languages due to its solid structure, politeness and fluentness.
In addition, Allah has chosen the Arabic language as the
medium of the holy Qur’an. Arabic is the only language which
has survived for more than fourteen centuries with originally
and dignity.
Although, Arabic is the language of all the Arabs, it is a
universal language spoken by Muslim in various parts of the
world. So, to ensure the expertise and skills in all branches of
the language is compulsory for understanding and explaining
the holy Al-Qur’an and Al-Hadith as well as Arabic literature
and poetry. It has overcome many obstacles to reach the
current of our time. Sometimes, it went through the era of
stagnation and recession, where some writers and intellectuals
called for isolating and staying away from it as they thought it
unable to keep up with the rapid developments of the time.
This article strongly tries to emphasize the importance of the
Arabic language with highly academic style i.e. meaning,
position, and importance of Arabic language in the present
world.

خصائصالمصطفىﷺفيالهمزيةالنبويةلأحمدشوقيوثبوتها فيالتراثالإسلامي

أحمد حسان شودهري — 2022-01-26

Ahmed Shawqi, born in Egypt in 1886, became a great poet in
the world by contributing huge efforts to the poetry. He was
known as 'the prince of poets' in the Arabic literature. He was
the pioneer of the modern Egyptian literary movement. In this
article, we will discuss his famous poem 'Al Hamaziyya an
Nabawiyyah'. In this poem, he has written about the wonderful
characters of the last Prophet of Islam Hazrat Muhammmad
(pbuh). He has shown his deep love and faith to the Prophet by
mentioning some distinct characteristics of Muhammad (pbuh)
in the outstanding poetic way. In this poem, he indicated some
of the true facts which happened to express worm welcome to
the prophet (pbuh) in time of his birth. Then he alluded the
childhood of prophet and some miracles of him. Then he also
talked about the fame of the Prophet (pbuh) which was
outstretched all over the Arabic world at that time. He also
wrote about the mostly well-known great characteristics of
Muhammad (pbuh) like truthfulness, kindness, forgiveness and
outstanding love to the creation of Allah. Here we will try to
prove the information given by him in the light of Quran,
Hadith and authentic sources of history.

الاتجاه الموضوعي في شعر فدوىطوقان

الدكتور قمر الزمان شميم — 2022-01-26

This study is based on an approach to elucidate the objective trend
in Fadwa Tuqan's poetry through analyzing her poem. She is
generally considered one of the best woman personalities in Arabic
modern literature especially Palestinian literature in twentieth
century. She started her literary journey in traditional forms, and
practiced the poem in many classical contents. But considering
ongoing literary trend she moved to current issues and exercised
the literature with modern objective trend which made her a
pioneer of modern style among Arab writers. Especially after
Catastrophe in 1948 she began writing against occupation of Israel
and after 1967 she tried to write patriotic poems. Thus a change
appeared in her poetry objectivity day by day and she became a
unique in Arabic modern literature. The readers and learners can
realize the artistic temperament and beauty of her literary work in
their deep soul. This essay emphasizes broadly the objective trend
in poetry of Fadwa Tuqan. In addition, a short biography,
personality, poetic geniuses and some characteristics of poetry are
also discussed in this article.

طرائق التدريس، والأنشطة الصفية واللاصفية، وطرائق التقويم في تعليم اللغة العربية بمركزين في بنغلاديش وبروناي: التقويموالمقارنة

مهدي حسن — 2022-01-26

The experts in linguistics mentioned that there are six essential
elements of an ideal curriculum for teaching Arabic language to Nonnative
speakers. This paper pays attention to three of them, which are-
Methods of teaching Arabic language (!"#$%&' ()'*+), Classroom and
extra-curricular activities (./012&'3 ./04&' .5678') and Evaluation
methods (:";<%&' ()'*+), while first three of these elements have been
discussed in a separate paper. This paper aims to explore the
curriculum of teaching Arabic language at the Institute of Modern
Languages (IML) of the University of Dhaka and the Center for
Promoting Knowledge and Languages (CPKL) of Sultan Sharif Ali
Islamic University (UNISSA), Brunei Darussalam. Afterwards, the
paper focuses on the comparative study between the existing
curriculum of IML and that of CPKL. The form of data collection
used by the researcher is based on a structured questionnaire. An
identical questionnaire has been prepared for the students of both
institutes. Tantamount number of respondents from both institutes
answered the questions and submitted back. The sample has been
selected through simple random sampling approach. The researcher
applied the Evaluative and Comparative research method to explore
as well as to analyze the data. The findings say that the students of the
CPKL are satisfied with the existing Methods of teaching Arabic
language and Evaluation methods while most of the students of IML
don’t think these are suitable for them. In terms of Classroom and
extra-curricular activities, students from both institutes think that
extra-curricular activities should be emphasized as well should be
given opportunity according to the demand of the learners. By laying
down a few recommendations to develop an integrated teaching
method, to improve Classroom and extra-curricular activities and
Evaluation methods for teaching Arabic Language to the Non-native
Arabic speakers, the paper has been concluded.

جلال الدين السيوطي : حياته ومساهمته

الدكتور محمد بلال حسين — 2022-01-26

[Jalaluddin as-suyuti (1445-1505AD) was the most famous
Egyptian Islamic Scholar, Historian, and writer in Mamluk era.
His interest covers different subjects including Islamic
Theology, History, Arabic language and Literature, linguistic,
Islamic Jurisprudence, Muslim Philosophy and Islamic
Civilization. His works number more than five hundred. He
was born in Egypt and raised as an orphan (yaatim). He
memorized the holy Quran when he was eight years old. After
that, he visited many countries of Hijaj (Makkah and Madina)
Morocco, India, Yemen and took variety of knowledge of
Quran, Hadith, Tafsir, Islamic law and Arabic Grammar. His
most famous book in Arabic linguistic is Al-Mujher ('()) and
in Islamic Theology is AL-Etkan (*+,). He devoted himself to
study research and writing until his Death].

حركة اللغة البنغالية : خلفيتها وتاريخها ودورها في استقلال بنغلاديش

محمد زاهد الله — 2022-01-26

The history of the independence of Bangladesh is closely related to
the language movement of 1952. As soon as Pakistan gained
independence from British colony, a movement started to make
Bengali the state language throughout the East Pakistan, which later
took shape in the independence war of Bangladesh. Through this
continuous movement of general people, an independent country
was marked on the map of the globe named Bangladesh on 16th
December of 1971 after a nine-month long bloody war. The main
purpose of this research work is to focus on this important chapter
of history of Bangladesh and present this glorious history of
Bangladesh to the Arabic speaking people. Here we follow the
historical, descriptive and analytical methods of research.

الغزل العذري و موقف الشاعر عنترة بن شداد منه : دراسة تحليلية

الدكتور محمد رفيق الاسلام — 2022-01-26

Since about 600 B.C, the researchers have been intrigued
regarding the romantic poetry in the field of Arabic literature.
This criticism covers romantic poetry of Ayyame Jahiliyyah,
portrayal of women in in the poetry of Abbasid period, love
poetry of the poets in different ages etc. But the objective of
this article is to evaluate the undercurrent of the virgin poetry
(Al Gazal al Uzri) of Arabic Literature, which has prevailed
from the pre-Islamic era to the present day. Thus, the article
illustrates the definition of romantic poetry, definition of
virgin poetry and its subject matter and characteristics, and
the other issues which are related to the virgin poetry. At last
it will show the dimensions of the virgin poetry and the place
of Poet Antara bin Saddat in this field.

الشاعرة نازك الملائكة وحنينها إلى الإنسانية في قصيدتها الكوليرا

الدكتور محمد قمر الحسن — 2022-01-26

Nazik al-Malaika (1923-2007) is a renowned Iraqi poet, literary figure,
author and a pioneer of Arabian women revolution. The main theme of
her writings humanity, nature, deprivation of women, the emergence of
women etc. She is one of the most remarkable modern poetesses of
Arabic literature after renaissance. She is one of them who wrote poetry
on free-verse. A group if poets and literary critics consider her as the
master of free-verse. She plays a vital role in developing the standard of
Arabian poetry and in revolutionizing the social position of women. She
was always in favour of the equalization and empowerment of women.
She advocates for the linguistic equality and the equal rights achieving
social skills of women. Nazik al-Malaika dedicates her skills on writing
poetry about her own land as well as her own race. Above all, her poetry
exposes the sense of humanity. She gets frequently disturbed in writing
poetry and in publishing them. Due to the hard and harsh opposition of
the society, she gets frustrated but never loses heart. She gets never
herself aloof from her ideology, individuality and ownness for a single
moment. She is an untraditional embodiment of humanity in Arabic
literature. She feels an acute psychological pain for the break-out of
“Cholera” in Egypt. She writes a poem entitled “Cholera” that brings her
reputation world-wide. Though cholera has disappeared from the world,
the creation of Nazik still remains as an unparallel asset in world
literature. It will be remaining till the end of the last day of this globe as
her poetry exposes the slogan of humanity.

دور السياق في فهم دلالات الألفاظ: دراسة تحليلية 279 على نماذج من القرآن الكريم

صلاح عبد السلام قاسم الهيجمي — 2022-01-26

A learner of Arabic cannot comprehend the meaning of a given
text and the semantics of Arabic words without the presence of
context. This study deals with combining both the context and the
meaning that demonstrate the significance of background in
comprehending the implications of diverse Arabic words contained
in the models of the holy Quran. This study shows the miracles of
the Noble Qur’an in a way that each word or any of its verses has
its own significance that differentiates it from others and this is
basically distinguished by the context. Here some fundamental
questions regarding Quranic words along with contexts and
semantics are explored. This research has clarified the role of the
linguistic, emotional, situational and cultural context in
understanding the semantics of words when applied to examples
from the Holy Quran. It is found that the intended meanings of
expressions are understood only from the context of speech, and
the role of context is not limited to clarifying the meanings of
words only, but goes beyond that to knowing the semantics of
sentences and eliminating ambiguity about them. Also, context
helps reveal the meanings of words, sentences and texts as a result
of the situation where the speaker and the listener agree. The
context indicates the meanings of the Qur’anic expressions,
whether it is based on the linguistic or emotional context, the
context of the situation, or the cultural context, and all this shows
the miracle of the Noble Qur’an.